镜像

此任务演示了 Istio 的流量镜像功能。

流量镜像,也称为影子流量,是一种以尽可能低的风险允许负责功能特性的团队改动生产环境的强大理念。 镜像会将实时流量的副本发送到镜像服务。镜像流量发生在主服务的关键请求路径之外。

在此任务中,首先把流量全部路由到测试服务的 v1 版本。然后,执行规则将一部分流量镜像到 v2 版本。

开始之前

  1. 按照安装指南设置 Istio。

  2. 首先部署已启用访问日志记录的两个版本的 httpbin 服务:

    1. 部署 httpbin-v1

      $ kubectl create -f - <<EOF
      apiVersion: apps/v1
      kind: Deployment
      metadata:
        name: httpbin-v1
      spec:
        replicas: 1
        selector:
          matchLabels:
            app: httpbin
            version: v1
        template:
          metadata:
            labels:
              app: httpbin
              version: v1
          spec:
            containers:
            - image: docker.io/kennethreitz/httpbin
              imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
              name: httpbin
              command: ["gunicorn", "--access-logfile", "-", "-b", "0.0.0.0:80", "httpbin:app"]
              ports:
              - containerPort: 80
      EOF
      
    2. 部署 httpbin-v2

      $ kubectl create -f - <<EOF
      apiVersion: apps/v1
      kind: Deployment
      metadata:
        name: httpbin-v2
      spec:
        replicas: 1
        selector:
          matchLabels:
            app: httpbin
            version: v2
        template:
          metadata:
            labels:
              app: httpbin
              version: v2
          spec:
            containers:
            - image: docker.io/kennethreitz/httpbin
              imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
              name: httpbin
              command: ["gunicorn", "--access-logfile", "-", "-b", "0.0.0.0:80", "httpbin:app"]
              ports:
              - containerPort: 80
      EOF
      
    3. 部署 httpbin Kubernetes Service:

      $ kubectl create -f - <<EOF
      apiVersion: v1
      kind: Service
      metadata:
        name: httpbin
        labels:
          app: httpbin
      spec:
        ports:
        - name: http
          port: 8000
          targetPort: 80
        selector:
          app: httpbin
      EOF
      
  3. 部署用于向 httpbin 服务发送请求的 curl 工作负载:

    $ cat <<EOF | kubectl create -f -
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      name: curl
    spec:
      replicas: 1
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          app: curl
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            app: curl
        spec:
          containers:
          - name: curl
            image: curlimages/curl
            command: ["/bin/sleep","3650d"]
            imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    EOF
    

创建一个默认路由策略

默认情况下,Kubernetes 在 httpbin 服务的两个版本之间进行负载均衡。 在此步骤中,您将更改该行为,把所有流量都路由到 v1 版本。

  1. 创建一个默认路由规则,将所有流量路由到服务的 v1 版本:

    $ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
    apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
    kind: VirtualService
    metadata:
      name: httpbin
    spec:
      hosts:
    - httpbin
      http:
      - route:
    - destination:
        host: httpbin
        subset: v1
      weight: 100
    ---
    apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
    kind: DestinationRule
    metadata:
      name: httpbin
    spec:
      host: httpbin
      subsets:
      - name: v1
    labels:
      version: v1
      - name: v2
    labels:
      version: v2
    EOF
    
  2. 现在所有流量都指向 httpbin:v1 服务,并向此服务发送请求:

    $ kubectl exec deploy/curl -c curl -- curl -sS http://httpbin:8000/headers
    {
      "headers": {
        "Accept": "*/*",
        "Content-Length": "0",
        "Host": "httpbin:8000",
        "User-Agent": "curl/7.35.0",
        "X-B3-Parentspanid": "57784f8bff90ae0b",
        "X-B3-Sampled": "1",
        "X-B3-Spanid": "3289ae7257c3f159",
        "X-B3-Traceid": "b56eebd279a76f0b57784f8bff90ae0b",
        "X-Envoy-Attempt-Count": "1",
        "X-Forwarded-Client-Cert": "By=spiffe://cluster.local/ns/default/sa/default;Hash=20afebed6da091c850264cc751b8c9306abac02993f80bdb76282237422bd098;Subject=\"\";URI=spiffe://cluster.local/ns/default/sa/default"
      }
    }
    
  3. 查看 httpbin-v1httpbin-v2 这 2 个 Pod 的日志。 您应可以看到 v1 版本的访问日志条目,而 v2 版本没有日志:

    $ kubectl logs deploy/httpbin-v1 -c httpbin
    127.0.0.1 - - [07/Mar/2018:19:02:43 +0000] "GET /headers HTTP/1.1" 200 321 "-" "curl/7.35.0"
    
    $ kubectl logs deploy/httpbin-v2 -c httpbin
    <none>
    

将流量镜像发送至 httpbin-v2

  1. 修改路由规则,将流量镜像发送至 httpbin-v2

    $ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
    apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
    kind: VirtualService
    metadata:
      name: httpbin
    spec:
      hosts:
    - httpbin
      http:
      - route:
    - destination:
        host: httpbin
        subset: v1
      weight: 100
    mirror:
      host: httpbin
      subset: v2
    mirrorPercentage:
      value: 100.0
    EOF
    

    这个路由规则发送 100% 流量到 v1 版本。 最后一节表示您将 100% 的相同流量镜像(即也发送)到 httpbin:v2 服务。 当流量被镜像时,请求将被发送到镜像服务中,并在 headers 中的 Host/Authority 属性值上追加 -shadow。 例如 cluster-1 变为 cluster-1-shadow

    此外,重点注意这些被镜像的流量是“即发即弃”的,就是说镜像请求的响应会被丢弃。

    您可以使用 mirrorPercentage 属性下的 value 字段来设置镜像流量的百分比, 而不是镜像所有请求。如果没有这个属性,将镜像所有流量。

  2. 发送流量:

    $ kubectl exec deploy/curl -c curl -- curl -sS http://httpbin:8000/headers
    

    现在您应看到 v1v2 版本中都有了访问日志。 v2 版本中的访问日志就是由镜像流量产生的,这些请求的实际目标是 v1 版本。

    $ kubectl logs deploy/httpbin-v1 -c httpbin
    127.0.0.1 - - [07/Mar/2018:19:02:43 +0000] "GET /headers HTTP/1.1" 200 321 "-" "curl/7.35.0"
    127.0.0.1 - - [07/Mar/2018:19:26:44 +0000] "GET /headers HTTP/1.1" 200 321 "-" "curl/7.35.0"
    
    $ kubectl logs deploy/httpbin-v2 -c httpbin
    127.0.0.1 - - [07/Mar/2018:19:26:44 +0000] "GET /headers HTTP/1.1" 200 361 "-" "curl/7.35.0"
    

清理

  1. 移除规则:

    $ kubectl delete virtualservice httpbin
    $ kubectl delete destinationrule httpbin
    
  2. 删除 httpbincurl Deployment 以及 httpbin 服务:

    $ kubectl delete deploy httpbin-v1 httpbin-v2 curl
    $ kubectl delete svc httpbin
    
这些信息有用吗?
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